Heather Hussey Essay Example

Heather Hussey Essay Act 1 establishes that the play is full of opposites, extremes, contrasting atmospheres and emotions. Explain how these are illustrated in Act 1 and what effect they have on the characters and their actions. Refer to text in detail.Act 1 introduces many characters, these characters have extremely distinct personalities, which creates diversity and gives a wide verity of contrasting atmospheres this keeps the audience attention. The range of atmospheres can change from bawdy humour to poetic language. Act 1 establishes that some of the characters have a fatalistic approach to life.Act 1 scene 1 begins with a very dramatic opening and the writer uses his characters Sampson and Gregory to portray a humorous atmosphere for the audience I will push Montagues men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall. This line in particular, not only shocks the audience but also adds bawdy humour to the play. Shakespeare uses this line to convey Sampson and Gregory as being boastful and superior to the Montagues. Shakespeare in this scene creates an atmosphere of excitement for the audience and this keeps the audience interested.The tone drastically changes when two Montagues enter the scene, which emphasises the extremes of Act1. Shakespeare uses a serious tone to emphasise that the grudge between the two families is in all generations as Sampson urges Gregory to quarrel with the Montagues for example Quarrel, I will back thee. Sampson insults Abram, a member of the Montague family, by saying I will bite my thumb at them Abram is extremely offended by this and the insult progresses until they are ready to draw their swords.Benvolio enters and shows a strong side of his character when he acts as the peacemaker when he says Part, fools! Put up your swords, you know what you do. Tybalt a member of the Capulet family enters the scene and conveys his character as an energetic and oblivious character for example What, drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word, as I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. Have at thee, coward. Benvolio and Tybalt detest each other but Benvolio still doesnt want to fight but Tybalt does. Shakespeare has made Tybalts character the complete opposite to Benvolios character; this shows the extremes opposites of Act 1.Shakespeare changes the atmosphere in scene 1 to keep the audience interested, he shows Romeos father Lord Montague and Romeos best friend Benvolio show consideration for Romeo for example A troubled mind drive me to walk abroad. Shakespeare develops Benvolios character even more when he promises Lord and Lady Montague he will find out what is wrong with him. Even though Romeo is the main character the audience have not seen him yet. Shakespeare wants the audience to be emotional towards Romeo, so he introduces Romeo when he is in an unstable state of mind. The audience will feel sympathetic towards Romeo as he has a broken heart.The audience will view Romeo as a sensitive and very emotional character. Romeo is telli ng Benvolio about his love not mentioning her name, Rosaline Out of favour where I am in love. The atmosphere changes when Romeo views evidence of a riot O brawling love, O loving hate, O anything of nothing first create! Romeo is confused and helpless. Shakespeare uses oxymorons, love and hate; they show Romeos emotions and the extreme opposites of the play and are very effective. Shakespeare has to show how much Romeo is in love with Rosaline. Benvolio suggests Romeo should Examine other beauties but Romeo is in love and rejects the suggestion Farewell, thou canst not teach me to forget. The contrasting atmospheres are shown strongly in scene 1, and they are used to keep the audience occupied.Shakespeare opens scene 2 with a variance of opinions between two generations. Paris a Capulet wishes to marry Juliet, Lord Capulets daughter. Lord Capulet is reluctant. Lord Capulet gives the impression that he had more children but they all died for example Earth hath swallowed all my hop es but she; this shows how important Juliet is to him. Shakespeare portrays Paris as a very impatient character, because he wants to marry Juliet as soon as possible. These two characters are different and it is a case of young versus old. This helps to create contrasting atmospheres and diversity.Lord Capulet orders his servant to give out party invitations for a banquet that he is holding. The servant has a dilemma, as he cannot read. The servant acts stupid when he gets in a muddle for example It is written that the shoemaker should meddle with his yard and the tailor with his last Shakespeare changes the mood extremely quickly from a serious mood from Lord Capulet and Paris to a servant who cannot read. The audience would stay interested and become slightly fond of the servant. As Romeo and Benvolio enter they are discussing love. Shakespeare conveys Benvolio as a realist and that love comes and goes. Benvolio tells Romeo to move and look at other girls. Your plantain leaf is ex cellent for that is Romeos reaction; this shows that Romeo and Benvolio have different opinions on love.Romeo has an idealistic view of love that everything should be perfect and romantic. The mood changes to a light hearted mood when the servant comes and asks Romeo and Benvolio if they could the list for the banquet. Romeo reads the list out loud and realises Rosalines name is on it. Benvolio encourages the situation, as he wants Romeo to admire other women for example With all the admired beauties of Verona. Romeo is not convinced, as it is a Capulet banquet and his loves for Rosaline will never change for example Neer saw her match since first the world begun. Romeo agrees to go for Benvolio but he will not enjoy himself But to rejoice in splendour of mine own.Shakespeare introduces a humorous, loud and bawdy character, the Nurse, in scene 3 for example for example Now by my maidenhead at twelve year old, I babe her come. What, lamb! What, ladybird! Lady Capulet is portrayed as a serious character that is distant from Juliet for example Thou knowest my daughters pretty age. Lady Capulet doesnt even know her daughters age where the Nurse does. These characters are different and create contrast. Lady Capulet and the Nurse agree that Juliet should marry Paris because he is from a good, wealthy family So shall you share all that he doth possess, by having him, making you no less. Shakespeare gives the Nurse along speech to help develop her character.The speech is comedy and its about Juliets childhood, and how the Nurse and her husband used to joke about her sexuality for example And yet I warrant it had upon it brow a bump as big as a young cockrels stone. Juliets relationship with the Nurse is like mother and daughter, because the weaned her and brought her up and Juliet has a lot of respect for her. Shakespeare allows Lady Capulet to describe Paris in a sonnet. Lady Capulet uses emotional blackmail in this to try and persuade Juliet to marry Paris for examp le The fish lives in the sea, and tis much pride for fair without the fair within to hide. The mood is serious as the banquet is about to start and lady Capulet wants a straight answer from Juliet as she desperately wants her to marry.Act 1 scene 4 Romeo and his friends are on their way to the Capulets banquet. Romeo is sad and still reluctant to go to the banquet Give me a torch, I am not far this ambling; Being but heavy, I will bear the light. Benvolio encourages Romeo to go and to believe in himself for example But let them measure us by what they will, well measure them a measure and be gone. Shakespeare introduces Mercutio, the audience will think he is an insane person for example What curious eye doth cote deformities? Here are the beetle brows shall blush for me.Romeo is very depressed Is love a tender thing? It is too rough, too rude, too boistrous, and it picks like a thorn. Mercutio describes a Queen Mab of the Fairies and what she does to ordinary people. Mercutio is t rying to get through to Romeo that love is just part of the imagination and he should move on. Romeo tells his friends about his dream and how he has seen his own death. This is a premonition and despite this Romeo decides to leave his destiny to fate Some consequences yet hanging in the stars shall bitterly begin his fearful date.The final scene of Act 1 opens with four servants hurrying around preparing for the banquet, they excited. Lord Capulet is talking with his cousin about past times and how they used to wear masks and dance around the hall. Lord Capulet gives a cheerful and happy atmosphere to the beginning of scene 5. The younger generations are dancing around the hall in their masks full of energy where the older generations are sitting down talking.Romeo has seen Juliet for the first time and has instantly fallen out of love with Rosaline and in love with Juliet for example for I neer saw true beauty till this night. Shakespeare introduces Tybalt at this time, and Tybalt realises Romeo is here. Tybalt instantly goes to Lord Capulet and tells him, but lord Capulet just wants a peaceful evening and tells Tybalt to let Romeo be. Tybalt is portrayed as rough and energetic character who always wants to fight with the Montagues for example Makes my flesh trembling their different greeting:Tybalts mood is the opposite to Romeo as Romeo is in love and wouldnt dream of fighting at this point. Tybalt will want revenge on Romeo later and find him. The mood suddenly changes again when Romeo and Juliet talk for the first time. They discuss their meeting and use religious language have not saints lips, and holy palmers too? At the end of the scene Romeo realises Juliet is a Capulet, and Juliet realises Romeo is a Montague. This is upsetting for them both as they are meant to hate each other and their parents will never let them marry each other. The audience will be sympathetic towards them both. This is the first obvious point that the story would end in tears. William Shakespeare opens Romeo and Juliet effectively, so the audience stays interested by the changing characters, action, atmosphere and setting. Act 1 establishes that there could be further conflict as Paris wants revenge, but the Prince of Verona could loose the respect he has already gained because of his inability keep law in place. This would grasp the audiences attention with the suspense. The audience would be intrigued over the romance as Romeo has fallen in and out of love with Rosaline and then in love with Juliet in such a sort time. The audience would be wondering whether everything would turn out fine as Juliet is Capulet and Romeo is a Montague.The Nurse treats Juliet as if is she is her own daughter, as she has brought her up since she was a infant. The Nurse chooses to keep Juliets secret but she has a dilemma as she is betraying Lady Capulet. This is very dangerous and the audience might think the Nurse could be found out. Lord Capulet wants Juliet to marry Pari s as he is a respectful young man with good status, this is a problem for Juliet as she is in love with Romeo and doesnt want to marry Paris, but Lord Capulet could force her into it. The possibility of death is made more than likely in Act 1 as Juliet makes her speech on the balcony, this conveys to the audience what could happen in the future.William Shakespeare introduces a variety of characters to create diversity. Nearly all of the main characters are introduced, and they are all different by personalities and reactions. There is a obvious difference between the younger and older generations such as Tybalt and Lord Capulet deciding what to and with Romeo at the banquet.The settings in Act 1 are constantly changing to hold the interest of the audience. They can change from a poor market street to a rich banquet hall. This is so the different classes can see how each others way of life.Shakespeare uses a variety of writing techniques in his language. Blank verses are used to crea te variety of atmosphere. He uses an iambic pentameter, which is a verse with ten syllables. When he wants to emphasise certain lines he uses rhyming couplets to emphasise the point. A sonnet is used between Romeo and Juliet, to explain their love. All these techniques helped to create contrast. The audience would of stayed interested in the play even though they were standing up for two hours and it is because of the variety of techniques and dramatic performance.

The effectiveness of the transformation of the Desert Scene from text to screen Essays

The effectiveness of the transformation of the Desert Scene from text to screen Essays The effectiveness of the transformation of the Desert Scene from text to screen Essay The effectiveness of the transformation of the Desert Scene from text to screen Essay Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet Baz Luhrmann has used many very effective film techniques in transforming the Mantua scene from text to screen. Through the choice of specific setting, music and camera techniques, he has emphasised the role of fate and haste in the lovers tragedy. The setting of Mantua in a barren, desert environment reinforces the isolation of Romeos banishment. With the harsh, unrelenting sun engulfing the scene with a strong orange light, it provides a stark contrast to earlier scenes where the love between Romeo and Juliet blossomed. The desert is a sterile environment, where in the absence of water, life ceases to exist. Baz Luhrmann has effectively employed the visual juxtaposition of water and desert to convey Romeos isolation. Even the caravans, a temporary residence, are situated far apart. But the desert does not only convey a literal setting, it is also symbolic of Romeos emotional desert. Without Juliet, Romeos life is barren and sterile. This metaphorical setting highlights the depth and true love between Romeo and Juliet. Romeos love for Juliet is not an infatuation, but rather having known her, his life becomes meaningless without her. We see Romeo writing in his isolation, and his emotions are clearly conveyed through the use of voice-over monologue. Him half mouthing the words makes what he is writing more natural and realistic. Yet the words themselves are ominous and foreshadowing death, where Romeo dreamt that he had died and yet been revived by Juliet. These innocent dreams are so close to the truth that it builds up tension in the film. Music and sound effects play a vital role in conveying emotions and affecting how audiences react to visual images. Baz Luhrmann uses music in the scene to further highlight Romeos isolation and build up tension. The scene begins with Romeos theme music, a haunting, single-note melody. The music reverberates around the empty desert to emphasis the isolation. This music also takes the audience back to when we were first introduced to Romeo, in a similar melancholy mood as an unrequited lover. We come to associate this music with loneliness, despair and rejection. The music intensifies to a crescendo as another character, Balthasar, approaches the scene. It builds up to a climax for the fateful news, yet the scene is silent as Romeo receives the misinformed news. The silence allows Romeo to absorb the revelations, yet the audience is drawn into the action with this dramatic irony and we watch in anguish at the consequences of Balthasars mistake. The music changes again near the end of the scene, where it becomes a throbbing, relentless pulse. The strong beat forewarns of the actions that are going to take place, and builds up tension in the audience. The scene begins with the camera slowly sweeping across the desert and the next shot is a close-up focus on Romeos face. This close-up shot is very important as it reveals many small details. We are able to clearly identify with Romeos emotions, but more importantly, we are reminded by the scar and ring of dominating issues in the film. The scar is a remnant of Romeos fight with Tybalt and symbolises the violence and hatred in Verona. Violence and social decay is one of the main ideas explored by Baz Luhrmann in the film and the scar shows that even in isolation, Romeo can never completely escape from the realities of Verona society. This violence is further reinforced by the fleeting image of Romeo reaching for his gun as he sees the approaching car. Violence is so predominant and there is such mistrust in the society that weapons are used without a thought. The other important element seen in this close-up shot is the chain around Romeos neck, given to him by Juliet with her crucifix and her wedding ring. This reminds us of their love and Romeos connection with Juliet even in banishment. Yet this image is ironic in that once again, there is the juxtaposition of opposites, where the chain symbolises the love between Romeo and Juliet, but the scar, symbolic of the hatred between the families, forbids and restrains this love. This image relates to the foundations of the tragedy, where love is forbidden because of the feud. There is a dramatic change in mood as Romeo is told of the terrible news, and the camera reflects this with a high-angle shot of Romeo collapsed on the ground. This angle from above emphasises his vulnerability and despair. He is pushed to the lowest and as his body is silhouetted against the setting sun, Romeo faces a life of hopelessness without Juliet. The long angle shot afterwards show Romeo and Balthasar as tiny figures in a vast expanse of desert and lead to the idea of fate in the tragedy. It seems almost as if Romeo is overpowered by external forces, a small puppet on a large stage where he has no control over events. The central idea of fate is further reinforced by Romeo treading over the urgent telegram. The audience sees clearly how close the film was to a happy ending and fate is encapsulated by the final dramatic irony, where the mailman watches Romeo speeding off in haste, moments too late. The terrible timing of events show haste to also be a deciding factor in the chain of events, with the first shot of Balthasar overtaking the mail-van in his haste to reach Romeo and ending with Romeo speeding off, leaving the consequential telegram behind. Baz Luhrmanns has very successfully conveyed the ideas in the Shakespearean text through the use of effective film techniques. His choice of a desert environment, use of camera angles and music reinforces the role of fate and haste in the tragedy and reminds us that the juxtaposition of love and violence is never far away.

Chinese penetration of the LATAM market Thesis

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Corporate law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Corporate law - Coursework Example The announcement confronted disparate reactions. Some applauded the government's plans, while others stringently opposed them, questioning the very need for the adoption of a corporate manslaughter bill. A third group maintained the exigencies of designing and passing into legislature a corporate manslaughter bill but voiced doubt over the proposed bill's capacity to address the problem. The imperatives of bestowing legal recognition upon corporate manslaughter, on holding corporate entities criminally liable for acts/cases of unintentional manslaughter, and the capacity of the proposed bill to effectively address the defined problem, comprise some of the dissertation's core concerns. Since the 1980s many companies in the U.K. ... 1.1 Research Background Since the 1980s many companies in the U.K. have been exposed to charges of corporate manslaughter - many disasters and incidents of death involving corporations such as Piper Alpha explosion, Hillsborough Stadium disaster, the capsize of the Herald of Free Enterprise etc., which were initially deemed and labelled as tragic 'accidents,' at the most attributable to the unlawful action of individuals, were later proved to be more a result of corporate malfeasance than individual offence.1 But, for various reasons including the absence of an appropriate law for tackling the offence; the application of flawed criminal law doctrines, ill-suited to corporate criminality; the absence of judicial and political commitment etc, in almost all the major cases, the criminal charges against the corporations failed at the prosecution stage itself. Beyond effective social and legal control, large and powerful corporations continue to inflict severe harm to society through negligent and/or reckless la w breaking. The rising public consternation about the consequences of corporate negligence and the persistent call for appropriate criminal justice intervention for effectively tackling corporate malfeasance has received significant impetus from the government during the past decade, as new and more effective steps for prosecuting companies are explored - the introduction of the new and separate offence of "corporate killing" and the introduction of draft Corporate Manslaughter Bill in 2005 may be considered as major steps in this direction. Nonetheless, the lack of urgency demonstrated by the British Government in enacting into law the 'corporate killing' offence is appalling - first

Into Thin Air Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Into Thin Air - Case Study Example The implications of decision making and persuasion of a group by a mountain climbing leader led to the death of nine people within a single day as a bad storm walloped up on Mount Everest (Krakauer, 2009). From the narration of Jon Krakauer, it is revealed that during this mountain climbing experience, three more lives were lost before a month elapsed. This mountaineering experience at Everest took place in the spring of the year 1996. In decision making, information or knowledge is one of the most crucial elements of a leader of a group. This is because if there is lack of knowledge, making of choices is not likely to be informed. For example the climbers in the case study had no knowledge that anything was likely to go wrong as they started their commercial expedition for the Everest Summit at the South Col. It is lack of any knowledge of what was ahead that persuasion was achieved and the group made a decision to go ahead with the expedition. Nonetheless, leaders of a group are ob liged to make members aware of the risks which are associated with the decisions that they make (Robert, 2001). This is demonstrated in the case where it is said that all members of the mountaineering expedition were conscious of the possible trouble that they would face but they did not realize that it would lead to loss of lives and make it the worst mountaineering expedition at Mount Everest (Krakauer, 2009). ... Experience makes leaders capable of making the right decisions and the success they attain inn decision making is attributed to the faith that members of a group have for such leaders and their persuasion appeal (Robert, 2001). The decision making of the climbing guide for the team was a fixed and strict turnaround timing which Hall put at 1 pm. It is notable that during the climbing experience most climbers did not adhere to the turnaround time as posted by the guide. This is seen by the fact that some climbers turned around at 3 pm (Krakauer, 2009). In this sense it can be argued that the guide of the climbing expedition was not able to successfully persuade the group of the importance that was attached t adherence to the turnaround time and the possible consequences that would emanated from decisions of failing to turnaround when expected. The decision Hall had for the group for the 1 pm turnaround proved to be very costly for the whole group. This is because of the fact that at t his time the air at the mountain is very thin (Krakauer, 2009). It is in light of this sentiment that it is argued that the decision that was made by the leader of the group was not sufficiently informed. And if it was informed it s evident that the leader was ready to take risks associated to decision making. Nonetheless the ability of the leader in convincing the group to the 1 pm turnaround demonstrates how persuasion for a group would lead to decisions that are likely to lead to negative implications late on. Charisma and eloquence are usually attributed to the ability of leaders to make persuasive decisions that make members of a group convinced to follow suit to what is decided by the leader. In light of the case study, it can be argued that it is the

Efficient Prediction System Using Artificial Neural Networks

Efficient Prediction System Using Artificial Neural Networks Jay Patel Abstract- Predicting is making claims about something that will happen, often based on information from past and from current state. Neural networks can be used for prediction with various levels of success. The neural network is trained from the historical data with the hope that it will discover hidden dependencies and that it will be able to use them for predicting into future. It is an approach for making prediction efficient using best features on which prediction is more dependent. Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks; Feature set; Profiles INTRODUCTION Artificial neural networks are computational models inspired by animal central nervous systems (in particular the brain) that are capable of machine learning and pattern recognition. They are usually presented as systems of interconnected neurons that can compute values from inputs by feeding information through the network. For example, in a neural network for handwriting recognition, a set of input neurons may be activated by the pixels of an input image representing a letter or digit. The activations of these neurons are then passed on, weighted and transformed by some function determined by the networks designer, to other neurons, etc., until finally an output neuron is activated that determines which character was read. Mainly three types of ANN models are present single layer feed forward network, Multilayer feed forward network and recurrent network Single layer feed forward network consist of only one input layer and one output layer. Input layer neurons receive the input sig nals and output layer receives output signals. In a feed forward network the output of the network does not affect the operation of the layer that is producing this output. In a feedback network however the output of a layer after the layer being fed back into, can affect the output of the earlier layer. Essentially the data loops through the two layers and back to start again. This is important in control circuits, because it allows the result from a previous calculation to affect the operation of the next calculation. This means that the second calculation can take into account the results of the first calculation, and be controlled by them. Weiners work on cybernetics was based on the idea that feedback loops were a useful tool for control circuits. In fact Weiner coined the termcybernetics based on the Greek kybernutos or metallic steersman of a fictional boat mentioned in the Illiad. Neural models ranged from complex mathematical models with Floating point outputs to simple state machines with a binary output. Depending on w hether the neuron incorporates the learning mechanism or not, neural learning rules can be as simple as adding weight to a synapse each time it fires, and gradually degrading those weights over time, as in the earliest learning rules, Delta rules that accelerate the learning by applying a delta value according to some error function in a back propagation network, to Pre-synaptic/Post-synaptic rules based on biochemistry of the synapse and the firing process. Signals can be calculated in binary, linear, non-linear, and spiking values for the output. Figure 1. ANN Models Multilayer feed forward network consist of input, output and one more addition than single layer feed forward is hidden layer. Computational units of hidden layer are called hidden neurons. In Multilayer Feed Forward Network there must be only one input layer and one output layer and hidden layers can be of any numbers. There is only one difference in recurrent network from feed forward networks is that there is at least one feedback loop. In neurons we can input vectors taken as input and weights are included. With the help of weights and input vectors we can calculate weighted sum and taking weighted sum as parameter we can calculate activation function. There are different activation functions available e.g. thresholding, Signum, Sigmoidal, Hyperbolic Tangent. Phase ordering of optimization techniques In optimizing compilers, it is standard practice to apply the same set of optimization phases in a fixed order on each method of a program. However, several researchers have shown that the best ordering of optimizations varies within a program, i.e., it is function-specific. Thus,we would like a technique that selects the best ordering of optimizations for individual portions of the program, rather than applying the same fixed set of optimizations for the whole program. This paper develops a new method-specific technique that automatically selects the predicted best ordering of optimizations for different methods of a program. They develop this technique within the Jikes RVM Java JIT compiler and automatically determine good phase-orderings of optimizations on a per method basis. Rather than developing a handcrafted technique to achieve this, they make use of an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the optimization order likely to be most beneficial for a method. Our ANNs were automatically induced using Neuro-Evolution for Augmenting Topologies (NEAT). A trained ANN uses input properties (i.e., features) of each method to represent the current optimized state of the method and given this input, the ANN outputs the optimization predicted to be most beneficial to the method at that state. Each time an optimization is applied, it potentially changes the properties of the method. Therefore, after each optimization is applied, they generate new features of the method to use as input to the ANN. The ANN then predicts the next optimization to apply based on the current optimized state of the method. This technique solves the phase ordering problem by taking advantage of the Markov property of the optimization problem. That is, the current state of the method represents all the information required to choose an optimization to be most beneficial at that decision point. Most compilers apply optimizations based on a fixed order that was determined to be best when the compiler was being developed and tuned. However, programs require a specific ordering of optimizations to obtain the best performance. To demonstrate our point, we use genetic algorithms (GAs), the current state-of-the-art in phase-ordering optimizations, to show that selecting the best ordering of optimizations has the potential to significantly improve the running time of dynamically compiled programs. They used GAs to construct a custom ordering of optimizations for each of the Java Grande and SPEC JVM 98 benchmarks. In this GA approach, we create a population of strings (called chromosomes), where each chromosome corresponds to an optimization sequence. Each position (or gene) in the chromosome corresponds to a specific optimization from Table 2, and each optimization can appear multiple times in a chromosome. For each of the experiments below, we configured our GAs to create 50 chro mosomes (i.e., 50 optimization sequences) per generation and to run for 20 Generations. Technique for Implementing GA We ran two different experiments using GAs. The first experiment consisted of finding the best optimization sequence across our benchmarks. Thus, we evaluated each optimization sequence (i.e., chromosome) by compiling all our benchmarks with each sequence. We recorded their execution times and calculated their speedup by normalizing their running times with the running time observed by compiling the benchmarks at the O3 level. That is, we used average speedup of our benchmarks (normalized to opt level O3) as our fitness function for each chromosome. This result corresponds to the â€Å"Best Overall Sequence† bars in Figure 1. The purpose of this experiment was to discover the optimization ordering that worked best on average for all our benchmarks. The second experiment consisted of finding the best optimization ordering for each benchmark. Here, the fitness function for each chromosome was the speedup of that optimization sequence over O3 for one specific benchmark. This resu lt corresponds to the â€Å"Best Sequence per Benchmark† bars in Figure 1. This represents the performance that we can get by customizing an optimization ordering for each benchmark individually. Results The results of these experiments confirm two hypotheses. First, significant performance improvements can be obtained by finding good optimization orders versus the well-engineered fixed order in Jikes RVM. The best order of optimizations per benchmark gave us up to a 20% speedup (FFT) and on average 8% speedup over optimization level O3. Second, as shown in previous work, each of our benchmarks requires a different optimization sequence to obtain the best performance. One ordering of optimizations for the entire set of programs achieves decent performance speedup compared to O3. Figure 2.Results of experiments using GA However, the â€Å"Best Overall Sequence† degrades the performance of three benchmarks (LUFact, Series, and Crypt) compared to O3. In contrast, searching for the best custom optimization sequence for each benchmark, â€Å"Best Sequence for Benchmark†, allows us to outperform both O3 and the best overall sequence. Motivation Predict the current best optimization: This method would use a model to predict the best single optimization (from a given set of optimizations) that should be applied based on the characteristics of code in its present state. Once an optimization is applied, we would re-evaluate characteristics of the code and again predict the best optimization to apply given this new state of the code. For this we can apply Artificial Neural Network in this method and we will also include profiles for better prediction of optimization sequence for particular program. Automatic Feature Generation Automatic Feature generation system is comprised of the following components: training data generation, feature search and machine learning [5]. The training data generation process extracts the compiler’s intermediate representation of the program plus the optimal values for the heuristic we wish to learn. Once these data have been generated, the feature search component explores features over the compiler’s intermediate representation (IR) and provides the corresponding feature values to the machine learning tool. The machine learning tool computes how good the feature is at predicting the best heuristic value in combination with the other features in the base feature set (which is initially empty). The search component finds the best such feature and, once it can no longer improve upon it, adds that feature to the base feature set and repeats. In this way, we build up a gradually improving set of features. a. Data Generation In a similar way to the existing machine learning techniques (see section II) we must gather a number of examples of inputs to the heuristic and find out what the optimal answer should be for those examples. Each program is compiled in different ways, each with a different heuristic value. We time the execution of the compiled programs to find out which heuristic value is best for each program. We also extract from the compiler the internal data structures which describe the programs. Due to the intrinsic variability of the execution times on the target architecture, we run each compiled program several times to reduce susceptibility to noise. Figure 3. Automatic Feature Generation b. Feature Search The feature search component maintains a population of feature expressions. The expressions come from a family described by a grammar derived automatically from the compiler’s IR. Evaluating a feature on a program generates a single real number; the collection of those numbers over all programs forms a vector of feature values which are later used by the machine learning tool. c. Machine Learning The machine learning tool is the part of the system that provides feedback to the search component about how good a feature is. As mentioned above, the system maintains a list of good base features. It repeatedly searches for the best next feature to add to the base features, iteratively building up the list of good features. The final output of the system will be the latest features list. Our system additionally implements parsimony. Genetic programming can quickly generate very long feature expressions. If two features have the same quality we prefer the shorter one. This selection pressure prevents expressions becoming needlessly long. E. Motivation They have developed a new technique to automatically generate good features for machine learning based optimizing compilation. By automatically deriving a feature grammar from the internal representation of the compiler, we can search a feature space using genetic programming. We have applied this generic technique to automatically learn good features. Code Optimization in Compilers using ANN For ordering of different optimization techniques using ANN we must need to implement that in 4Cast-XL as it is a dynamic compiler. 4Cast-XL constructs an ANN, Integrate the ANN into Jikes RVM’s optimization driver than Evaluate ANN at the task of phase-ordering optimizations. For each method dynamically compiled, repeat the following two steps Generate a feature vector of current method’s state Generate profiles of program Use ANN to predict the best optimization to apply Use ANN to predict the best optimization to apply. Run benchmarks and obtain feedback for 4Cast-XL Record execution time for each benchmark optimized using the ANN. Obtain speedup by normalizing each benchmark’s running time to running time using default optimization heuristic. Figure 4. Code Optimization in compilers using ANN with Profiles Results Research work is aimed for optimizing code using artificial neural networks. In order to make this precise, better profiles generated from given set of features using Milepost GCC compiler with ten different programs. Experimental results demonstrate that profiles of program can be used for optimization of code. Motivation This section gives a detailed overview of how Neuro-evolution machine learning is used to construct a good optimization phase-ordering heuristic for the optimizer. The first section outlines the different activities that take place when training and deploying a phase ordering heuristic. This is followed by sections describing how we use 4cast-XL to construct an ANN, how we extract features from methods, and how best features called Profiles and ANNs allow us to learn a heuristic that determines the order of optimizations to apply. It motivates us to apply this approach for different types of predictions using Artificial Neural Networks. Prediction Using Neural Networks Neural networks can be used for prediction with various levels of success. The advantage of then includes automatic learning of dependencies only from measured data without any need to add further information (such as type of dependency like with the regression). The neural network is trained from the historical data with the hope that it will discover hidden dependencies and that it will be able to use them for predicting into future. In other words, neural network is not represented by an explicitly given model. It is more a black box that is able to learn something. 1

Free Essays on Terrorism: Bomb The Bastards Back to the Stone Age :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Bomb The Bastards Back to the Stone Age The terrorists groups Hamas and al-Qaida have their foundations in Islam. Both of these organizations have interpreted the teachings of Islam in a violent manner. Al-Qaida calls for the founding of a "pan-Islamic Caliphate" to overthrow and expel Westerners". Hamas views any attempts at peace as turning over control to "non-believers", and they refuse to take part in any efforts for peace. Bill Clinton's previous inaction on embassy bombings and terrorists' threats has never prevented further violent action by either one of these groups. The United States must realize the enemy this country is now facing. The philosophy in the Middle East is one of retaliation and the appearance of strength. The members of both al-Qaida and Hamas are willing to die for their cause. Suicidal attacks are common, and they will not back down or look weak. America's course of action has always been to attempt diplomacy and peace talks. Any loss of American lives proves to be unacceptable to this country. Pulling out of a country where fellow countrymen are put at risk seems completely logical to Americans, but this action appears weak and cowardly to these terrorist organizations. The worst possible course of action that the United States could take would be to pull out of the Middle East. Because of the militant philosophy of both of these religious groups, inaction will not bring peace. Although pulling out would make sense from the American point of view, it would be seen as weakness from the point of view of al-Qaida and Hamas. These groups would take this failure to retaliate as a victory and simply continue their attacks more aggressively. A strong showing is the only language these terrorists will understand.

Analysis of Kony 2012 Campaign

Campaign: Kony 2012 http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Y4MnpzG5Sqc Short versions: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=j36n8Kn_lUY http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=VWd0veKp1R0&hd=1 (this may be a stronger version) 1. Why we are choosing this one: This was a very successful campaign. Most of our group had heard about the Kony campaign and have shared with more than one friend; thus it was a successful viral marketing campaign. The statistics show that 112 million people viewed this video in one week. 2. The Message Targeted towards people who are obliged humanitarian causes.Help create awareness of the campaign, which is to imprison Kony by December 2012 with the help of aid from foreign and Ugandan governments. To do this, they were selling products and promoting a â€Å"Cover the Night† day in which individuals who wear/post/display their products. The video tells you to make these purchases in order to help fight Kony, there are links to the website from the video and so the p urpose of the campaign was very clear and relevant. The Messenger is Jason Russell who is the co-founder of Invisible Children.The film’s purpose is to promote the charity’s â€Å"Stop Kony† movement to make Ugandan cult and militia leader Joseph Kony known to the international world in order to have him arrested by December 2012. Joseph Kony is already an indicted war criminal in the International Criminal Court. Environment – right time and right place. People are interested in this type of cause and it is popular to be a humanitarian right now. It was spread through YouTube, Facebook and Twitter. People feel good sharing this type of information; it makes the Sender feel as though they are helping a good ause and so they feel good. The result It was a triumph in that it has been viewed by more than 92 million people on YouTube and 20 million more on Vimeo, so well over 112 million people by the end of the first week. This is the same amount of people w ho watched the Super Bowl. (Visible Measures) After ten days, 52% of adults in the US had heard of the video. (PEW research center) More people viewed the video in such a short amount of time than any other video on the internet (to date). Kony 2012 facts and figures: http://static. guim. co. k/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/4/20/1334929057518/Kony-2012-in-facts-and-fi-009. jpg Invisible Children won’t yet say how much money it made from Kony 2012, but by conservative estimates, it has likely tripled its $13. 7 million 2011 revenue and it’s possible that the actual number is much, much higher. (http://www. businessweek. com/articles/2012-08-30/kony-2012-guerrilla-marketing) [Add details regarding how it was spread] Celebrities have helped spread the message (Justin Bieber, Kim Kardashian, Rihanna, Oprah Winfrey) Why did it work?The film discusses the desire to share, to be part of something, to inform others. Within the first two minutes, has drawn people in and makes them curious as to what is next. It was a very good quality video; both in resolution and the way it was directed. The director of the film, Jason Russell, is very personable. He is using people emotions to make them feel part of the problem. He even involves his own child in the film to make everyone feel that they are connected to this problem. People really want to feel like they are helping a good cause. It was also really the right moment.The film uses everything that is popular right now to keep people’s attention – instagram photos, facebook timeline. People, especially young people and hipsters, really want to help. The products were not very expensive but enabled the viewer to feel as though they were part of the video and â€Å"creating history. † The video emphasizes being part of, and making, history. Purchasing the products allowed for those who wanted to participate in Cover the Night to be part of the â€Å"in† group. Additionally, f amous and important people became involved and vouched for it.Many politicians and even celebrities became involved. What could have been improved? After the video there were allegations that the project was a scam. The Ugandan people were claiming that Kony was not even in Uganda and so contributing to this campaign will not help us. Also there was a rumor that the US wanted to have a reason to come into Uganda for oil. So they could have been their intentions more clear and probably clarified that even if Kony is currently not residing in Uganda, he still must be found and arrested.

Caroline Burch Case Study

Caroline Burch Case Study Free Online Research Papers I. Time Context After 5 years of working as a secretary-office clerk for a large appliance manufacturer, Caroline Burch yearned for more challenging job in the field of marketing. II. Viewpoint Caroline had graduated from a small liberal arts college in the East with an outstanding record as a history major. Thus she had not found her training to be much use of her job. She had seen for some reason the young people who were caring in their company with MBA degrees where being given the â€Å"red carpet† treatment into good managerial position short time training. These were job Caroline wanted. And since base this case, we saw her as ambitious type of women and she had determination I getting want she wants. One proof of this is her decision to quit her job and enrolled in same MBA program where she can have an opportunity to gain some experience in the field of marketing that she can use as her stepping stone to have a good managerial position. III. Central Problem / Statement of the Problem Caroline Burch wants to be a manager. Like the two women she admires who own companies that doing great nationally. But the problem is she doesn’t want the usual junk jobs thrown to women such selling cosmetics and real state. Because of this, although she loves selling, she is still confused on where or want industry she should engage to have a career in the field of marketing. IV. Statement of the Objective 4.1 Must Objective To have a good managerial position. 4.2 Want Objective She wants to be different and doesn’t want the usual junk jobs thrown to women. Because of this, she is eyeing to the industries where they are usually dominated by men. V. Areas of Consideration Strengths Caroline Burch has a strong motivation and determination on getting want she wants (which is to become a manager). She even enrolled herself in some MBA programs to have an opportunity to gain some experiences that can help her to achieve her goals. She is a doer type of person and seems to be a sociable type of person too. She also has a leadership quality. These are some traits that one must have to become a good manager. Weaknesses She is undecided on where or what industry she should pursue to have a career in marketing. She wanted to promote as a sales manager. But the job she wanted is mostly preferred for men. Opportunities Her chances to be promoted in sales management is greater in industries which women are widely employed such as advertising. The big machine manufacturers that she is eyeing are quite a number. There are many companies she can apply to. Threats Since she is a woman and eyeing industrial selling, she might have difficulties in this kind of industries where they are is usually dominated by men. Caroline might run into trouble meeting job specification. An example would be in the Texas instrument the products, which is highly technical; they insist their people to have a degree in electrical engineer. VI. Assumption We are assuming that Caroline Burch could only be successful or satisfied to the job if she already knew what she really wants. She could be happier if she really likes the job that she is going to choose. Caroline has skills and talents that she can use for the right job that she wants. We all know that we are going to be successful in our job if we really enjoy or we are satisfied on what we are doing. If Caroline could really understand what she really wants in her life then probably, there is no reason for her to be unsuccessful. VII. Alternative Courses of Actions She should study and analyze the environment of all industries she considered to become more familiar with them. Also, she should be able to assess on where or what industry she has a chance to be more successful. She must have a definite field of interest in marketing because it has a wide variety of scope. One cannot just do everything and master nothing. VIII. Analysis Caroline Burch is like most of us â€Å"confuse on what button to push†, what opportunity to grab to achieve success like what her professor stated in this case that very few people know what they really want to do, what they really like, what industries or things that can give them the sense of satisfaction. IV. Recommendation Caroline Burch has a clear goal or vision on what she wants. But the problem is that she still confused on what industry she might pursue to have a career that can help her eventually achieve her goal. First, she must have a clear direction. We recommend her that she should go to the industry that she has an interest so that while she is doing her job, she will also able to enjoy what she is doing. That is because we believe that people succeed if they enjoy what they do. X. Plan of Action When she finally decides on which industry she should go, she must first study the environment of that industry to be more familiar with it. She can do this by reading some books and articles which are related to the industry that she chose or by attending some seminars which may also be helpful. She could also talk to people who have great experiences on that industry to gain valuable insights and tips that she can use as tools to help her succeed on her chosen field. Questions: 1. What would you tell Caroline to do in seeking a job in industrial sales? *Mervin De Paz I would suggest her to study the industry she wants to work with, to become more familiar with the in and out of that industry. *Jacel Florencio I would tell Caroline that it is important to know first what she really wants in a job or career. If she thinks that she really wants to go for the industrial sales then she should go for it and stay humble. Also, she should remove all the incentives that she could get because those would not help her in finding a job in industrial sales. It is not a simple business so she needs to be hard-working. It is important that she knows how to handle a customer and the sense of teamwork if needed. *Psyche Doroy I would suggest that she choose a specific kind of job that most likely fits her personality where she can excel and be promoted, where she can show most of her talent, skills, and intelligence needed to run the business efficiently. Specialization in a specific field of job is necessary; for it meets the standard requirement essential as a foundation of success in a chosen business. Being fascinated to the idea of others can help her stand on her position but relying on others would be a misleading cause of failure. *Analiza Dela Cruz Caroline Burch should know the importance of identifying herself with an in industry and then staying with it for a career. She should know the field that she thinks she can become successful. *Karla Cruz Based from the case, Caroline Burch is a strong-willed individual but the problem with her is that she does not know where and how to apply that attitude to her goals in life. I would probably advise her to have a background check of the every job in the industrial sales profession that she might be interested in so that she would know which one of those would best fit her personality and skills. It is always best to assess yourself first before entering into any kind of field because you will never know what struggles you might encounter and you better be prepared. Most of the time, it is effective to expect the worst so that there is more motivation to achieve your dream yet it is still perfectly normal to be optimistic. *Desiree Cruz I would tell Caroline to follow what her heart desires. It is because you can easily do a particular job when you are able to apply your skills. Also, I would tell her that it is not easy to find a job which is not related to your capacity. *Kristine Espenelia In choosing or finding a job in industrial sales, I will tell her to choose what she wants because in doing business she must follow what is favorable to her. Industrial business is a good business at start but before getting there, you must have a background. Also, it takes a lot of time training for such jobs. If some advices are not convincing, she can attend seminars where she can learn and get some relevant information. *Efrhaim Espinosa Caroline should have to seek a job in industrial sales or that is concerned on what she wants. *Noel Caà ±os I would suggest to Caroline that she should first know what she really wants in a job, where she could be happy and satisfied. If she thinks that her happiness is in industrial sales then why not? It is very important to know what you really want in order to work well. 2. Should she go into industrial sales where the going may be tough, or should she seek some industry that is obviously more amenable to women sales representatives? *Mervin De Paz I think she can go into industrial sales but it requires a lot of patience and hard work to become more familiarized in this field. If she has perseverance, she can also center to the industrial sales which is usually dominated by men. *Jacel Florencio In business or in industrial sales, we need to endure in all things or in many ways. As I have said before, I don’t think you should be by yourself always because in industrial, we need teamwork, most especially knowing how to accept your fault. It is because in a job, you will be tested everyday. *Psyche Doroy I think it is much better if she would go to the industry that is most amenable to women, as a starting business woman. She must know the basics in seeing prospects. She will find that being a sales representative is a part of it and learning how it runs, for she can understand how an industry operates before she gets decided to go further. *Analiza Dela Cruz In the case of Caroline Burch, her course in MBA and her want to become a manager someday: If she goes in selling big machines, we know that this job is for men and very complicated, I think it is not easy for her to achieve her goal. Caroline Burch should seek some industry that is obviously more amenable to women sales representatives. Some company hired people in industrial sales with having degree in electrical engineering. *Karla Cruz We know very well that a lot of people still think that women are less powered individuals in our society. I strongly disagree on this because in fact, we have had so many women leaders and the number is still growing up to the present. I am sure that it will be greatly seen in the future as well. Caroline’s weakness is that she has no focus to decide on what job to take but her strength is on her determination to work and be challenged even though the job is dominated by men. I would definitely tell her to try getting into industrial sales if that is what she really wants. It is primarily because the more a person has the heart and soul into something, that is the time when he or she succeeds the most. Also, if she has all the skills or better yet requirements for industrial sales, I do not think that she should limit herself to just being a sales representative. *Desiree Cruz I advise her to go in industrial sales where the things may be tough. It doesn’t mean that if you are a girl you should be more amenable to women sales representatives. As I have said, industrial sales are good to work on because Caroline can apply her knowledge and at the same time, her interest in that particular job is there. In other words, industrial sale is a job that she would enjoy. *Efrhaim Espinosa Caroline should go into industrial sales, that it would be teaching her to be tough. *Noel Caà ±os I think Caroline should go in industrial sales because if she really wants that job, she is going to be satisfied and happy on what she is going to do. But still, it depends on what she really wants. 3. Do you think a woman can sell large industrial machine tools successfully? *Mervin De Paz Yes, liked what I’ve said earlier she needs to become familiar with what she is going to sell so that she can easily present it to her potential buyer and also she could be able to answer all possible questions that the buyer might ask her. Personally, one factor I considered when buying something (example tools and gadgets) is the salesmanship. If the seller can clearly present, I can easily pursue to buy his or her product. *Jacel Florencio For me yes, as long as you know how to handle a customer or a deal. It is not important that you are a woman or man. It is with the way you talk to the customer or how you deal. For me, it is an achievement. *Psyche Doroy It depends on her. If she has all the potential qualities in taking a lead and has undergone a lot of experiences in this kind of business field before, being a woman would not be a hindrance. Lastly, excelling in whatever industry takes time for them to be familiarized in the same manner. *Analiza Dela Cruz Yes, especially if that woman like big machines and have enough experience, she may be ready to face all problem she might possibly encounter. *Karla Cruz Women are not limited to household chores or pampering themselves. They know how to carry themselves well and even inspire others with what they have achieved. Selling large industrial machine tools must not be a barrier for a woman’s success. It should be considered a challenge for women because being able to do a job dominated by men is something that is really tough but something that should be proud of. The more women think that they can not do men jobs; the more they will be labeled as weak individuals. Dream big, focus and strive hard. You will never know where it can take you unless you do something about it. *Desiree Cruz It depends upon her, because not all women have a knowledge or interest in selling large industrial machine tools. Women have a knowledge or capacity to do specific selling. I know she can be successful in her chosen career. *Efrhaim Espinosa No, because she doesn’t had even a lot of training for such jobs. *Noel Caà ±os Yes, because it doesn’t matter on what you are. It is on how you would do things. If you really know that job and you enjoy your work, it is going to be easy for you to Research Papers on Caroline Burch Case StudyThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Fifth HorsemanAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasResearch Process Part OneThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

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